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Orpheus in the Underworld
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Orpheus in the Underworld

In 1945 the Sadler's Wells Opera returned to Sadler's Wells and concentrated on producing opera in English. Their first great success was the world premiere of Peter Grimes which heralded the arrival of Benjamin Britten. Britten became the first English opera composer of international standing.

Peter Grimes at Sadler's Wells
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Peter Grimes at Sadler's Wells

In the 1950s, Sadler's Wells Opera's productions of the great French operettas became hugely popular notably Offenbach's La Belle Helène and Orpheus in the Underworld – with Orpheus descending into Hades strap-hanging on the London underground in the rush hour.

La Belle Helene in 1963
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La Belle Helene in 1963

La Belle Helene
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La Belle Helene


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English National Opera

In 1968, Sadler's Wells Opera moved from its cramped base in Islington to the London Coliseum in the heart of London's West End. In 1974 the company became English National Opera.

Norman Bailey as Wotan
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Norman Bailey as Wotan

In the 80s, David Pountney and conductor Mark Elder developed a more radical and idiosyncratic production style. Their operas had a cartoon-style energy and were very visual. This shocked some of the more conservative members of the opera going public, but appealed to a new and younger audience.

Sphinx Costume
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Sphinx Costume

Tramp Costume
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Tramp Costume

Lesser-known operas were revived, including the controversial Mazeppa. Gilbert and Sullivan fans were also surprised by Jonathan Miller's The Mikado, which was performed as a 1930s musical comedy with Yum-Yum and her friends dressed in St Trinians–type costumes.

ENO's Mikado
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ENO's Mikado


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Britten, Benjamin

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Benjamin Britten (1913?76) is widely regarded as the finest English opera composer since Henry Purcell. He also composed many chamber and orchestral works, but is especially known for his songs and choral music, including the magnificent War Requiem. He was also an outstanding pianist and conductor and founder of the Aldeburgh Festival. He was made a peer just before his death in 1976.

Operetta

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Originally an operetta was just a short opera with either a comic or romantically sentimental story. In the 19th century, it began to include spoken dialogue between the arias, where opera would use recitative. By the 20th century, operetta was a lighter form of musical entertainment than opera, but with a higher musical content than musical comedy.